• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
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  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    contact tray and method of using it is a contact tray equipped with a tray deck and partition walls that form groups of one or more chambers and one or more depressor entries distributed throughout the tray deck. the chambers have walls that surround the steam openings in the tray deck that allow an overflow of steam to pass through the chambers. the lowerers extend downward from the lowerer inlet and are positioned to deliver a stream of liquid in the center of the chambers positioned on a tray deck of an underlying contact tray. the discharge openings are provided in the chamber walls to allow the liquid stream to exit the chambers. the dividing walls direct the existing liquid stream to the depressor inlets in the same pool and prevent or prevent the liquid stream from flowing to the underside of the tray deck.
    公开号:BR112013012851B1
    申请号:R112013012851-8
    申请日:2012-01-10
    公开日:2020-12-15
    发明作者:Izak Nieuwoudt
    申请人:Koch-Glitsch, Lp；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    [001] The present invention generally relates to chemical processing columns in which mass transfer and / or heat exchange between the fluid streams occurs and, more particularly, to contact trays used in such columns to facilitate the contact between fluid streams flowing inside the column and methods of contacting fluid streams using contact trays. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    [002] The contact trays are used inside the mass transfer and heat exchange columns to facilitate contact between the fluid streams that flow in a countercurrent relationship within the column. Fluid streams are typically an ascending vapor stream and a descending liquid stream, in which case the contact trays are commonly called liquid-vapor contact trays. In some applications, both fluid streams are liquid streams and the contact trays are commonly called liquid-liquid contact trays. In still other applications, the upward fluid stream is a gas stream and the downstream fluid stream is a liquid stream, in which case the contact trays are called gas-liquid contact trays.
    [003] The contact trays have a flat tray stage on and above which the interaction between the upstream fluid stream and the downstream fluid stream occurs, a plurality of openings to allow the upstream fluid stream to pass through the tray floor and downward fluid stream to create an effervescence or mixture in which the desired mass transfer and / or heat exchange occurs, and at least one spillway that directs the downward fluid stream from the tray floor associated with a walk from tray to an underlying contact tray. The contact trays are positioned inside the column in a vertically separate relationship with each of the tray floors that extends horizontally to fill the entire internal cross section of the column.
    [004] A type of vapor-liquid contact tray developed for flow for high efficiency applications and high fluid flow capacity uses a plurality of cylindrical chambers on the tray floor to intensify the mixture of steam and liquid streams. The cylindrical chambers extend upwards from the tray floor and surround steam openings formed in the tray floor. The vane swirls positioned within each cylindrical chamber provide a swirling motion for the vapor that ascends within the cylindrical chamber. A spillway directs the liquid from an overlying tray to the center of each cylindrical chamber where it is selected by the swirling vapor to cause vigo-pink vapor-liquid interaction which leads to high separation efficiency and subsequent disengagement of the liquid phase from the vapor phase .
    [005] The centrifugal force conferred to the liquid by the swirling vapor inside the cylindrical chamber causes the liquid to splash and rise along the surface of the inner wall of the cylindrical chamber. The openings in the inner wall surface allow liquid to pass through the inner wall surface and then descend onto the tray floor. The liquid travels along the tray floor and enters an opening in the tray floor that forms an entrance to a spillway that directs the liquid to a cylindrical chamber in an underlying contact tray. The vortex vapor exits the cylindrical chamber through an open top of the chamber and then ascends to and through an opening surrounded by a cylindrical chamber on the tray floor of an overlying contact tray. In this way, the vapor stream rises and the liquid stream descends from chamber to chamber in successive contact trays.
    [006] In mass transfer and heat exchange columns, the efficiency of the vapor-liquid or liquid-liquid interaction suffers significantly if the fluid streams are not evenly distributed throughout the internal cross section of the column. Such poor chamber distribution occurs when the contact trays are not horizontally aligned, causing the liquid stream to channel towards the bottom side of the trays and the vapor stream to channel towards the upper side of the trays. As a result of this channeling, the desired intermixture of the liquid and vapor streams is not achieved and the efficiency of the interaction suffers. This chamber problem results from improper installation of the contact trays, when terrestrial collunas swing under heavy wind loads, or when marine columns are positioned on floating platforms, boats or boats and are subjected to a rocking and oscillating movement as a result of wind and wave action.
    [007] There is a need for apparatus and methods to reduce the poor distribution and channeling of fluid streams that can occur when the columns are subjected to rocking or oscillating motion or when the contact trays positioned inside the columns are otherwise tilted out of a horizontal orientation, such as through improper installation. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
    [008] In one embodiment, the present invention is directed to a contact tray for use on a column to facilitate mass transfer and / or heat exchange between the fluid streams flowing in a countercurrent relationship within the column. The column can be positioned on land or can be positioned at sea, such as on a floating platform, boat or vessel. The contact tray comprises a generally flat tray stage, a plurality of chambers positioned on and extending upwardly from the tray stage, and steam openings positioned on the tray stage within the chamber walls to allow the overflow of a stream of steam through the pan floor and into the interior volume of the chamber. Each contact tray also has a plurality of downward extending spillways that extend into the chambers in the underlying contact tray. Each spillway includes an upper inlet opening formed on the pan floor to allow a portion of the liquid stream on the pan floor to enter and descend into the spillway. Each spill also has a lower outlet positioned within the chamber in the underlying contact tray to deliver the portion of the liquid stream from the overlying tray to the chamber for mixing with the vapor stream in the chamber. A liquid dispenser can be positioned at the bottom outlet of the spillway to more uniformly feed the liquid into the vapor stream as the liquid exits a vertically misaligned spillway.
    [009] The chambers are formed by walls that are cylindrical, polygonal or any other desired shape and include discharge openings to allow the portion of the liquid stream inside the chamber to exit the chamber after interacting with the vapor stream inside the chamber. chamber. The chamber is opened at the top to allow the vapor stream to exit the chamber after interacting with the liquid stream inside the chamber.
    [010] Each contact tray includes partition walls that extend upwards from the tray floor and are positioned between the chambers and the spillway entries on the tray floor. The dividing walls are arranged on the tray floor in a manner that forms clusters of one or more chambers and one or more spillway inlets, with one or more chambers within each cluster being fluid flow communication with one or more spillway entries within that cluster. The partition walls also isolate each cluster from one or more chambers and one or more spillway entrances from the chambers and spillway entrances in the other clusters to prevent liquid flow communication between the clusters. The dividing walls thus force all, or substantially all, of the liquid stream from one or more chambers in each cluster to flow only to the one or more spillway inlets within that same cluster. In this way, the partition walls prevent the poor distribution and channeling of the liquid stream that would otherwise occur if the contact tray were installed or subsequently became positioned in a non-horizontal orientation, such as a result of a spinal disorder. or by wind load or wave action on the column.
    [011] In another aspect, the invention is directed to a column to facilitate mass transfer and / or heat exchange between the fluid streams flowing within the column. The column comprises a vertical housing that defines an open interior region and a plurality of contact trays of the type described above positioned in a vertically separated relationship and which generally extends horizontally into the open interior region of the housing.
    [012] In an additional aspect, the present invention is directed to a method of using the contact trays described above to facilitate mass transfer and / or heat exchange between the fluid streams flowing in a countercurrent relationship within the column . The method comprises the steps of introducing a stream of liquid into spillways that extend below a contact tray, delivering the stream of liquid in the chambers positioned in an underlying contact tray, mixing the stream of liquid with a stream of steam in vortex that appears inside the chambers to cause mass transfer and / or heat exchange between the liquid and vapor streams. The method includes the additional steps of discharging the liquid streams from the chambers through discharge openings in the chamber walls and using the partition walls to direct all, or substantially all, of the liquid stream discharged from one or more chambers in each cluster for one or more spillway entries in the same cluster. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [013] Figure 1 is a perspective view of a column in which mass and / or heat transfer is intended to occur and in which the portions of the column housing are broken to show the contact trays of the present invention positioned within an open inner region within the column.
    [014] Figure 2 is an enlarged top plan view of the column taken in horizontal section along line 2-2 of Figure 1 in the direction of the arrows of the arrows and showing one of the contact trays of the present invention.
    [015] Figure 3 is an enlarged fragmentary side elevation view of the column shown in Figure 1 and taken in a vertical section to show the details of the contact trays within the column.
    [016] Figure 4 is an enlarged perspective view of one of the contact trays shown in Figure 1.
    [017] Figure 5 is an even more enlarged perspective view of a fragmentary portion of one of the chambers that form part of the contact trays.
    [018] Figure 6 is a fragmentary side elevation view of one of the contact trays showing a modality of a liquid distributor positioned at the outlet of the spillway of one of the chambers.
    [019] Figure 7 is an enlarged bottom plan view of the liquid dispenser shown in Figure 6, taken in horizontal section along line 7-7 in the direction of the arrows.
    [020] Figure 8 is a fragmentary side elevation view of one of the contact trays showing an alternative mode of the liquid distributor positioned at the spillway outlet of one of the chambers.
    [021] Figure 9 is a bottom plan view of the liquid dispenser shown in Figure 8, taken in horizontal section along line 9-9 in the direction of the arrows. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    [022] Turning now to the drawings in greater detail and initially to Figure 1, a column suitable for use in processes where mass transfer and / or heat exchange is intended to occur between streams of fluid that flow countercurrent is generally represented by the numeral 10. Column 10 includes a vertical outer housing 12 which is generally cylindrical in configuration, although other configurations, which include polygonal, are possible and are within the scope of the present invention. The housing 12 is of any suitable diameter and height and is constructed from one or more rigid materials that are desirably inert to, or otherwise compatible with, the fluids and conditions present during the operation of the column 10.
    [023] Column 10 is of a type used for processing fluid streams, typically streams of liquid and steam, to obtain fractionation products and / or otherwise to cause mass transfer and / or heat exchange between fluid streams. For example, column 10 can be one in which gross atmospheric fractionation, lubricant vacuum, raw vacuum, fluid or thermal fractionation, coking or viscorreductive fractionation, coke cleaning, reactor distilled gas cleaning, gas cooling, deodorization of edible oil, scraping for pollution control and other processes occur. Column 10 can be positioned on land or can be positioned at sea on a floating platform, boat or in-boat.
    [024] The housing 12 of the column 10 defines an open internal region 14 in which the mass transfer and / or the desired heat exchange between the fluid streams occurs. Typically, fluid streams comprise one or more ascending vapor streams and one or more descending liquid streams. Alternatively, fluid streams may comprise either upward or downward liquid streams or an upward gas stream and a downward liquid stream.
    [025] Fluid streams are directed to column 10 through numerous supply lines 16 positioned at appropriate locations along the height of column 10. One or more vapor streams can also be generated within column 10 instead of being introduced in column 10 through feed lines 16. Column 10 will also typically include an overhead line 18 to remove a vapor product or by-product and a lower current draw line 20 to remove a liquid product or by-product from column 10. Other column components that are typically present, such as reflux current lines, coolers, condensers, steam rods, and the like, are not illustrated in the drawings due to the fact that they are conventional in nature and an illustration of these components components is not necessary for an understanding of the present invention.
    [026] A plurality of horizontally extending contact trays 22 are positioned in vertically spaced relation within the open inner region 14 of column 10. Trays 22 include a tray floor 24 which is normally constructed from numerous individual panels that they are joined in any of several known ways. The tray stage 24 is intended to extend horizontally and fill all, or substantially all, of the internal cross section of the column 10.
    [027] Turning further to Figures 2 to 5, each of the contact trays 22 includes a plurality of vertical chambers 26 that are seated in a pre-selected pattern and are supported on the tray floor 24. Each chamber 26 is formed by a wall 28 of a preselected height which is normally of a generally cylindrical configuration, although the polygonal configuration and other configurations can be used. Each wall 28 has a bottom edge which is attached to the tray floor 24 of the contact tray 22 in any suitable manner, such as by welding or by tabs (not shown) extending downwardly from the bottom edge of the wall 28 and are inserted through slots (not shown) formed in the tray 24 stage. The flaps can then be sent against a lower side of the tray 24 stage to secure the chamber 26 to the tray 24 stage.
    [028] The height of the wall 28 of each chamber 26 is less than the vertical spacing between the adjacent contact trays 22 so that the top edge of each wall 28 is spaced a pre-selected distance below the overlying contact tray 22 to allow the steam stream to exit through an open top of the chambers 26. Typically, the height of the walls 28 is at least half or more preferably at least two-thirds of the vertical spacing between adjacent contact trays 22. Each wall 28 is normally the same height as the other walls 28 of chambers 26 in the same contact tray 22, but the walls 28 can be of varying height if desired for particular applications. The height of the walls 28 of the chambers 26 in a contact tray 22 can be the same or different from the height of the walls 28 of the chambers 26 in other contact trays 22.
    [029] The contact trays 22 also include steam openings 30 formed on the tray stage 24 to allow the upward steam stream to pass upwards through the tray stage 24. Typically, all, or substantially all, the steam openings 30 are positioned within the area enclosed by the walls 28 of the chambers 26 so that all, or substantially all, of the vapor stream that passes upwards through the tray stage 24 is fed into the chambers 26. A single large steam opening 30 can be surrounded by the wall 28 of each chamber 26, or multiple smaller steam openings 30 can be surrounded by the wall 28 of each chamber 26. The number and diameter of the chambers 26 and the size of the steam openings 30 are selected to provide the capacity of desired vapor flow and the desired volume for the intended vapor-liquid interaction within that portion of column 10 on which the contact trays 22 are positioned.
    [030] One or more sets of eddies 32 are positioned to cause the centrifugal steam eddy inside each chamber 40. One set of eddies 32a is normally positioned at each steam opening 30 on or near the plane of the tray 24 floor so that a swirling motion is induced in the vapor stream as it passes upwards through the tray floor 24 and enters chambers 26. Another set of swirlers 32b can be located within each chamber 26 in a position spaced a pre-spaced distance apart. - selected above the lower eddies 32a.
    [031] Each set of swirlers 32 comprises a plurality of curved or flat vanes extending radially 34. The vanes 34 on the lower swirlers 32a can be shaped and / or angled the same or differently from the vanes 34 on the upper swirlers 326. As an example , the vanes 34 on the lower eddies 32a can be curved to provide a gradual transition to the vapor stream from a vertical flow direction to one with a substantial radial flow vector. Due to the fact that the vanes 34 in the upper vortexes 326 are presented with the vapor stream that flows with the radial flow vector, the vanes 34 in the upper vortexes 32b can be flat or formed with loss of a curve compared to the vanes. 34 in the lower eddies 32a.
    [032] The whirlpools 32 can be oriented so that the steam rotates in the same rotational direction in each chamber 26 on each floor of tray 24. Alternatively, the direction of rotation of steam in some chambers 26 may be different from that of other chambers 26 For example, the steam rotation may be clockwise in each chamber 26 on a tray 24 floor and counterclockwise in each chamber 26 on an adjacent tray 24 floor. As another example, the direction of rotation of steam may be clockwise in some chambers 26 in a tray 24 stage and counterclockwise in other chambers 26 in the same tray stage 24.
    [033] The chambers 26 include a plurality of discharge openings 38 in the walls 28 of the chambers 26 to allow the liquid stream inside the chambers 26 to exit the chambers 26 after interaction with the swirling vapor stream in the chambers 26. The discharge openings 38 can be of various forms, such as simple orifices, directional shutter that extends to chambers 26 as illustrated in the drawings, and outward flexed flaps (not shown) that are angled downwards to deflect the liquid coming out in a downward direction towards the tray floor 24. Other modalities of the discharge openings 38 are contemplated and are within the scope of the present invention.
    [034] A face-down lip ring 40 is positioned at the top of each chamber 26 to capture any portion of the liquid stream that exits along the upper edge of the wall 28 of the chamber 26 and redirect the captured liquid out of the chamber 26 and down towards the tray floor 24. The lip ring 40 has an inner segment 42 which is positioned into the wall 28 of the associated chamber 26, a curved upper segment 44 slightly spaced above the upper edge of the wall 28, and an outer segment 46 that is positioned outside the wall 28 of the chamber 26. The lip ring 40 is held in place by tabs 48 that extend upwardly from the upper edge of the wall 28 and are received into slits 50 in the upper segment 44 of lip ring 40.
    [035] The contact trays 22 also include a plurality of vertebrae 52 that extend downwards from each stage of tray 24 to deliver the downward stream of liquid from each contact tray 22 to an underlying contact tray 22 Each spillway 52 extends downward into one of the chambers 26 on the tray floor 24 of the underlying contact tray 22. Spillers 52 can be aligned with chambers 26 in which they deliver the liquid stream in the underlying contact tray 22 Alternatively, spillways 52 can be moved from chambers 26 into which they deliver the liquid stream to allow greater flexibility in the arrangement of spillways 52 and chambers 26 on tray 24 floors.
    [036] In one embodiment, only one spillway 52 extends to each chamber 26 and is centrally positioned within the associated chamber 26. In other embodiments, more than one spillway 52 extends to each chamber 26. Each spillway 52 has an input of upper spillway 54 formed as an opening in the tray floor 24 and a lower discharge outlet 56 positioned within the associated underlying chamber 26. An optional barrier (not shown) can surround each inlet of spillway 54 to cause the liquid stream to flow accumulate at a preselected level on the tray floor 24 before splashing over the barrier and entering the spillway 52. The lower discharge outlet 56 may include a structure to interrupt the downward thrust of the liquid stream as it exits the discharge outlet 44. Alternatively or additionally, a perforated seal container 58 can be positioned below the discharge outlet 44 to prevent the discharged liquid stream from dripping down. fixed through the steam openings 30.
    [037] In accordance with the present invention, the partition walls 60 extend upwards from the tray floor 24 in each contact tray 22 and are positioned to form multiple zones or clusters containing one or more chambers 26 and one or more spillway entrances 54. The dividing walls 60 are formed as multiple segments that are joined to form an interconnected blanket that circumscribes and insulates the chambers 26 and spillway entrances 54 in each cluster from those in the other clusters. The individual segments of the partition walls 60 can be flat as illustrated in the drawings, or they can be curved or of any other desired configuration. The dividing walls 60 can be positioned to form clusters in which only a single chamber 26 and a single entrance to the spillway 54 are present within each cluster, or two or more chambers 26 and two or more spillway entries 54 can be included within each grouping. In one embodiment, equal numbers of chambers 26 are included within each cluster and equal numbers of spillway inputs 54 are included within each cluster. In another embodiment, some clusters may include more chambers 26 and spillway entries 54 than other clusters.
    [038] Each cluster of one or more chambers 26 and one or more inlet spillways 54 is insulated by the partition walls 60 from the other clusterings of chambers 26 and spillway inlets 54 so that the liquid stream is unable to flow, that is, it is substantially prevented from flowing between the groupings. The dividing walls 60 thus force all, or substantially all, of the liquid stream leaving one or more chambers 26 in each cluster to flow only to the one or more spillway inlets 54 within that same cluster.
    [039] As can best be seen in Figure 2, the partition walls 60 are preferably arranged to involve approximately equal surface areas of the tray floor 24 within each cluster of chambers 26 and spillway entrances 54. The walls of Division 60 also extends upward sufficiently above the tray floor 24 to block the flow of all, or substantially all, of the liquid stream from each chamber cluster 26 to any of the other chamber groups 26 in the same contact tray 22. The upper edge of the partition walls 60 should therefore normally be positioned above the uppermost discharge openings 38 formed in the walls 28 of the chambers 26. The partition walls 60 can extend upwards by a enough distance to bring the top edge of the partition walls 60 into contact with the underlying tray floor 24 to provide additional support for the tray floor 24 and to ensure proper spacing between adjacent tray floors 24. If partition walls 60 come in contact with underlying tray floor 24, steam openings (not shown) can be provided close to the top edge of the partition walls 60 to allow the steam stream to pass through the partition walls 60 to equalize the pressure across the cross section of the column 10. The liquid discharge openings 38 in the walls 28 of the chambers 26 can be arranged around the circumference of the chambers 26, as illustrated in the drawings, or can be concentrated in one or more locations, such as in the portion of the walls 28 closest to the entrance of the associated spillway 54.
    [040] By blocking or substantially impeding the flow of the liquid stream between the different clusters of chambers 26 and spillway inlets 54, the dividing walls 60 force the liquid stream out of one or more chambers 26 in each cluster to flow to one or more spillway inputs 54 in the same cluster. If the tray floor 24 of the contact tray 22 has misaligned from a horizontal orientation, the liquid stream would normally flow towards the bottom side of the tray floor 24 and concentrate on those spillway inlets 54 positioned on the bottom side of the tray floor 24 This channeling of the liquid stream towards the bottom side of the tray floor 24 reduces the liquid flow capacity of the contact tray 22 and decreases the interaction between the liquid and vapor streams, thereby reducing the transfer efficiency of mass and heat exchange of the contact tray 22. The partition walls 60 prevent the liquid stream from flowing throughout the tray 24 floor and force approximately equal portions of the liquid stream to enter each spillway inlet 54 even if the tray 24 floor is misaligned from a horizontal orientation. It can be seen, in this way, that the dividing walls 60 prevent undesirable poor distribution and channeling of the liquid stream that would otherwise result if the contact tray 22 were installed or subsequently became positioned in a non-horizontal orientation. , such as a result of a column disorder or by wind load or wave action on the column 10.
    [041] Turning to Figures 6 to 7, the present invention is also directed to a liquid distributor 70 positioned at the outlet 56 of some or all of the spillways 52 to distribute the liquid more evenly as it leaves the spillers 52 within the chambers 26 and the contact tray 22 is positioned in a non-horizontal orientation. The liquid dispenser 70 comprises a generally flat floor plate 72 that extends transversely along and closes the outlet of the spillway 56. The floor plate 72 can be welded or otherwise attached to the wall that forms the spillway 52 The floor plate 72 includes a plurality of openings 74 located within a central region 76, which leave an annular region 78 that surrounds said central region 76 completely or largely free of such openings 74. The openings 74 can be triangular as illustrated in Figure 7, or they can be round, square, oval or other configurations. The number, size and spacing of the openings 74 are selected to accommodate the projected volumetric flow of downward liquid in the spillway 52 while causing some liquid reserve in the spillway 52. The liquid reserve and central positioning of the openings 74 ensure that the liquid is fed in each of the openings 74 even though the spillway 52 is tilted at an angle to the vertical as a result of misalignment of the spillway 52 and / or the associated contact tray 22. By feeding the liquid into each of the openings 74 in this way, the liquid is more uniform and centrally discharged even when the spillway 52 is tilted.
    [042] The liquid dispenser 70 also includes a plurality of damping walls 80 that extend downwardly from the floor plate 72 to the sealing container 58 or tray floor 24 to further reduce the opportunity for poor liquid distribution that leaves spillways 52. The damping walls 80 extend radially out of an imaginary longitudinal geometric axis of the spillway 52 by a preselected radial distance at equal arc intervals to form approximately equal volumes between each pair of adjacent damping walls 80. In one embodiment, the radial length of the damping walls 80 is selected so that an outer edge of each damping wall 80 is positioned in a vertical plane beyond the central region 76 and within the outer annular region 78 of the overlying floor plate 72. In one otherwise, the radial length of the damping walls 80 is selected so that the outer edge of each damping wall 8 0 is flush with a ring-shaped entrance barrier 82 that extends above an outer perimeter of the sealing container 58.
    [043] One or more of the openings 74 feeds liquid into each of the volumes defined by the damping walls 80. In the illustrated embodiment, a single triangular-shaped opening 74 feeds liquid into each of the volumes defined by the damping walls 80. In other embodiments, a plurality of openings 74 feed liquid into each volume. The liquid then flows out of each volume between the damping walls 80 and is selected by the swirling steam coming out of the vortex 28. The damping walls 80 prevent the liquid from flowing to the underside of the sealing vessel 58 and ensure a more uniform circumferential distribution of the liquid to the steam leaving the whirlpool 28.
    [044] The liquid dispenser 70 may also include a plurality of circumferentially spaced piles 84 that extend upward or adjacent to the entry barrier 82 and are attached to the overlying floor plate 72, as shown in Figures 8 to 9.
    [045] During the use of column 10, a stream of liquid flows to the spillway inlets 54 and descends through the spillways 52 before and out through the discharge outlet 56 in chambers 26 on the underlying tray floor 24. The incoming liquid in chambers 26 it is selected by the stream of steam that enters chambers 26 through the steam openings 30 on the tray floor 24. Vortexes 32 provide a centrifugal vortex movement for steam and liquid streams cause the essential mixture of liquid streams and steam inside the chambers 26. The centrifugal forces acting on the liquid cause the liquid to be thrown against the internal surfaces of the walls 28 of the chambers 26 where it rises until it meets the discharge openings 38 in the walls 28. The liquid stream is , then, carried by a portion of the steam stream through the discharge openings 38. The stream of liquid that exits through the discharge openings 38 descends over the tray 24 in the area circumscribed by the adjacent segments of the dividing walls 60. The rest of the steam stream exits through the open top of the chambers 26 and moves laterally before ascending through the steam openings 30 on the tray 24 floor of the contact tray overlying 22. Any portion of the liquid stream that deflects the discharge openings 38 as it travels through the walls 28 of the chambers 26 is captured by the lip ring 40 at the top edge of the walls 28 and is redirected down onto the tray floor 24.
    [046] The stream of liquid that leaves chambers 26 after intermixing with the stream of steam falls on the tray stage 24 and is directed in approximately equal portions by the partition walls 60 to the one or more spillway inlets 54 associated with one or more chambers 26 from which the liquid stream exited. The liquid stream is then directed downward through spillways 52 to chambers 26 positioned in the underlying contact tray 22. In this way, the vapor stream and liquid stream interact within chambers 26 on each stage of tray 24 before to be delivered, respectively, to the next underlying and overlying contact trays 22 in the open inner region 14 of column 10.
    [047] The present invention therefore includes a method of operating the column 10 by delivering a first stream of fluid down through each plurality of spillways 52 that extends downwards from one of said contact trays 22 and the discharge of the first fluid stream from said spillways 52 into chambers 26 positioned on a tray 24 floor in an underlying contact tray 22. The first fluid stream within chambers 26 is interacted with a swirling motion with a second fluid stream that ascends through tray stage 24 of said underlying contact tray 22 and enters chambers 26. The first fluid stream is then removed from said chambers 26 after interaction with said second fluid stream and is directed from one or more chambers 26 in each cluster and delivered to one or more weir entries 54 in the same cluster. The one or more partition walls 60 serve to prevent delivery of the first removed fluid stream to weir inlets 54 in other pools. The dividing walls 60 thus prevent undesirable bad distribution and channeling of the liquid stream that would otherwise result if the contact tray 22 were installed or subsequently became positioned in a non-horizontal orientation.
    [048] From the above, it will be noted that this invention is well adapted to achieve all the purposes and objectives presented above in this document together with other advantages that are inherent to the structure.
    [049] It should be understood that certain characteristics and sub-combinations are useful and can be used without reference to other characteristics and sub-combinations. This is contemplated by and is within the scope of the invention.
    [050] Since many possible modalities can be made in the invention without departing from its scope, it should be understood that the whole subject must be presented in this document or shown in the attached drawings must be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense .
    权利要求:
    Claims (22)
    [0001]
    1. Contact tray (22) to facilitate contact between ascending and descending fluids within a column (10) in which the processes of mass transfer and / or heat exchange occur, in which said contact tray (22) it is CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it comprises: a floor of tray generally flat (24); a plurality of chambers (26) positioned on and extending upwards from the tray stage (24), wherein each of said chambers (26) has a generally open top and is formed by a wall (28) of a pre-selected height, wherein said wall (28) has a plurality of discharge openings (38) that extend through the wall (28) to allow fluid to pass through the wall (28) from inside the chamber (26) ; openings (30) extending across the tray floor (24) within areas circumscribed by each of the chambers (26) to allow fluid to pass upward through the tray floor (24) and into the chambers (26) ; whirlpools (32a, 32b) positioned to cause centrifugal whirlwind of the fluid that passed upwards through the tray floor (24) and into the chambers (26); spillways (52) extending downwardly from the tray stage (24), each spillway (52) comprising an upper spillway entrance (54) formed on the tray stage (24) and a lower discharge outlet ( 56); one or more partition walls (60) extending upwards from the tray floor (24) and positioned to form multiple groupings of one or more of said chambers (26) and one or more of said spillway inlets (54), wherein one or more dividing walls (60) isolate the one or more chambers (26) and one or more spillway inlets (54) in each cluster of chambers and spillway inlets (54) in the other groupings so that said fluid passing through the wall (28) from inside the chamber (26) in each group is prevented from flowing to the spillway inlets (54) in other groups through one or more dividing walls (60).
    [0002]
    2. Contact tray (22), according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that said one or more partition walls (60) involve approximately equal surface areas of the tray floor (24) within each group of the chambers (26) and spillway inlets (54).
    [0003]
    3. Contact tray (22) according to claim 2, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that said one or more partition walls (60) extend upwards to a level above that in which the discharge openings (38) are positioned on the walls (28) of the chambers (26).
    [0004]
    4. Contact tray (22) according to claim 3, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the walls (28) of the chambers (26) are generally cylindrical in configuration.
    [0005]
    5. Contact tray (22), according to claim 4, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the groupings: of said one or more chambers (26); and the one or more spillway entries (54) each have the same number of said chambers (26).
    [0006]
    6. Contact tray (22), according to claim 5, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the groupings: of said one or more chambers (26); and one or more weir entries (54) each have the same number as said weir entries (54).
    [0007]
    7. Contact tray (22), according to claim 3, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that: only one of said chambers (26); and only one of said spillway entries (54) is: in each of the groupings of said one or more chambers (26); and one or more weir entries (54).
    [0008]
    8. Contact tray (22), according to claim 3, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that: more than one of said chambers (26); and more than one of said spillway entries (54) are: in each group of said one or more chambers (26); and one or more weir entries (54).
    [0009]
    9. Contact tray (22), according to claim 1, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it comprises: a liquid distributor (70) positioned at the bottom discharge outlet (56) of each of said spillways (52), in that said liquid dispenser (70) comprises a floor plate (72) which extends throughout said lower discharge outlet (56) and has openings (74) positioned in a central region (76) and being largely absent from an external annular region (78) surrounding said central region (76) and the damping walls (80) extending downwards from said floor plate (72) and out of a notional longitudinal geometric axis of said spillway (52).
    [0010]
    10. Column (10) in which the processes of mass transfer and / or heat exchange take place, in which said column is CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it comprises: a vertical external housing (12) that defines an open internal region (14 ); a plurality of contact trays, as defined in claim 1, which extend horizontally (22) positioned in vertically spaced relation within the open inner region (14), wherein each of said contact trays (22) comprises: a floor of generally flat tray (24); a plurality of chambers (26) positioned in a pre-selected pattern on and extending upwards from the tray stage (24), wherein each of said chambers (26) has a generally open top and is formed by a wall (28) of a pre-selected height that is less than a vertical spacing between the adjacent of said contact trays (22), wherein said wall has a plurality of discharge openings (38) extending through the wall (28) to allow the fluid to pass out through the wall (28) from inside the chamber (26); openings (30) extending through the tray stage (24) within each of the chambers (26) to allow fluid to pass upwards through the tray stage (24) and into the chambers (26); whirlpools (32a, 32b) positioned to cause centrifugal whirlwind of the fluid that passed upwards through the tray floor (24) and into the chambers (26); spillways (52) extending downwardly from the tray stage (24) and comprising an upper spillway entrance (54) formed in the tray stage (24) and a lower discharge outlet (56) positioned within a chamber (26) in an underlying contact tray (22); one or more partition walls (60) extending upwards from the tray floor (24) and positioned to form multiple groupings of said chambers (26) and spillway inlets (54) which are circumscribed by said one or more dividing walls (60), where one or more dividing walls (60) isolate the chambers (26) and the spillway inlets (54) in each group of chambers (26) and the spillway inlets (54) in the others groupings so that said fluid passing out through the wall (28) from inside the chamber (26) in each group is prevented from flowing to said spillway inlets (54) in other groupings through one or more dividing walls (60).
    [0011]
    11. Column (10) according to claim 10, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that said one or more partition walls (60) involve approximately equal surface areas of the tray floor (24) within each group of chambers ( 26) and the spillway inlets (54).
    [0012]
    12. Column (10) according to claim 11, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that said one or more dividing walls (60) extend upwards to a level above that in which the discharge openings (38) are positioned on the walls (28) of the chambers (26).
    [0013]
    13. Column (10), according to claim 12, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the walls (28) of the chambers (26) are generally cylindrical in configuration.
    [0014]
    14. Column (10) according to claim 13, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that equal numbers of chambers (26) are in each of the groupings of the chambers (26) and the spillway inlets (54).
    [0015]
    15. Column (10), according to claim 14, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that the equal numbers of spillway inputs (54) are in each of the groups of chambers (26) and spillway inputs (54).
    [0016]
    16. Column (10), according to claim 12, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that only one of said chambers (26) and one of said spillway inlets (54) is in each group of chambers (26) and inlet entrances spillway (54).
    [0017]
    17. Column (10), according to claim 12, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that more than one of said chambers (26) and more than one of said spillway inlets (54) are in each group of chambers (26) and spillway inputs (54).
    [0018]
    18. Column (10), according to claim 10, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it includes a liquid distributor (70) positioned at the bottom discharge outlet (56) of each of said spillways (52), in which said liquid dispenser (70) comprises a floor plate (72) which extends throughout said lower discharge outlet (56) and has openings (74) positioned in a central region (76) and is largely absent from an annular region outer (78) surrounding said central region (76) and damping walls (80) extending downward from said floor plate (72) to the tray floor (24) of a contact tray (22) underlying, wherein said damping walls (80) extend outside an imaginary longitudinal geometric axis of said spillway (52).
    [0019]
    19. Method of operating a column (10) comprising an external vertical housing (12) defining an open internal region (14) and a plurality of contact trays (22), as defined in claim 1, which extend horizontally positioned in a vertically spaced relation within the open internal region (14), each of said contact trays (22) comprising a tray stage (24), a plurality of chambers (26) extending upwards from the tray stage (24), a plurality of spillways (52) extending downwardly from the tray stage (24) and have a spillway entrance (54) on said tray stage (24), and one or more partition walls (60) extending upwards from the tray floor (24) and positioned to form multiple groupings of one or more of said chambers (26) and one or more of said spillway inlets (54), in that each of the said groupings is circumscribed by said one or more walls division (60), in which said method is CHARACTERIZED by the fact that it comprises the steps of: delivering a first stream of fluid down through each of a plurality of spillways (52) extending downwards from one of the said contact trays (22) and discharge the first fluid stream from said spillways (52) into chambers (26) positioned on a tray floor (24) in an underlying contact tray (22); interacting with a swirling motion the first fluid stream within the chambers (26) with a second fluid stream that ascends through the tray stage (24) of said underlying contact tray (22) and enters the chambers (26); removing said first fluid stream from said chambers (26) after interaction with said second fluid stream; and directing said first fluid stream removed from one or more chambers (26) in each cluster and delivering this to one or more spillway inlets (54) in the same cluster, wherein said one or more dividing walls (60 ) prevent the delivery of the first fluid stream removed at weir inlets (54) in other clusters.
    [0020]
    20. Method according to claim 19, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that said first fluid stream is a liquid stream and said second fluid stream is a vapor stream.
    [0021]
    21. Method according to claim 19, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that said first fluid stream is a liquid stream and said second fluid stream is a gas stream.
    [0022]
    22. Method according to claim 19, CHARACTERIZED by the fact that said first fluid stream is a liquid stream and said second fluid stream is another liquid stream.
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    法律状态:
    2018-04-03| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-07-09| B06T| Formal requirements before examination [chapter 6.20 patent gazette]|
    2020-06-02| B06A| Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-10-06| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-12-15| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 10/01/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US201161431271P| true| 2011-01-10|2011-01-10|
    US61/431,271|2011-01-10|
    PCT/US2012/020742|WO2012096935A2|2011-01-10|2012-01-10|Contact tray and method employing same|
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